In a thriving blockchain ecosystem, clarity and synergy are paramount. Our multi-entity design ensures that each organization contributes unique expertise while remaining laser-focused on strengthening the public blockchain.
This approach—where independent companies collaborate under the governance of Partisia Blockchain Foundation (PBF)—is a proven model seen in other blockchain ecosystems, such as Cardano’s relationship with the Cardano Foundation, IOHK, and EMURGO.
By upholding financial independence, robust governance, and a shared commitment to the success of PBF, we guarantee that every initiative ultimately serves the Partisia Blockchain community—driving adoption, innovation, and long-term success for the public network.
To provide a clear understanding of how these entities work together, here is a high-level breakdown of their roles:
Each of these companies operates independently but plays a distinct role in strengthening the public blockchain ecosystem under the governance of PBF. Below, we provide a more comprehensive overview of their contributions and governance structures.
At the core of the ecosystem is the Partisia Blockchain Foundation (PBF), a Swiss non-profit entity responsible for governing the public blockchain’s development, adoption strategy, and ecosystem growth. The foundation is the guardian of the public blockchain, ensuring that it remains open-source, transparent, and accessible for developers, enterprises, and the broader web3 community.
PBF was established in 2020, following an extensive regulatory process to ensure compliance with Swiss financial authorities and alignment with utility token regulations. This regulatory foundation remains a key pillar of the project’s long-term legitimacy and governance.
PBF follows a strict governance model, supervised by the Swiss ESA and is subject to rigorous audits and financial oversight. It operates under a locked-purpose structure, meaning its funds can only be used to develop, promote, and bring the public Partisia Blockchain to market.
The development of Partisia Blockchain dates to March 2017, when the first lines of code were written by Partisia Infrastructure (PI). PI played a critical role in shaping both the technical architecture and regulatory framework, ensuring compliance with Swiss utility token regulations. The early development efforts culminated in Version 1.7, which was acquired and open-sourced by PBF in October 2020, leading to the public release of Version 2 in January 2021.
The Foundation plays a crucial role in strategic planning, ensuring that the blockchain evolves in line with its mission. The original roadmap was set out in the whitepaper, with a yearly roadmap review that is subject to quarterly replanning. The latest iteration was a 6-month roadmap, completed in January 2025.
Although independent companies like PI and GN Solutions (GN or GODS Network), contribute to blockchain development, PBF remains the governing entity, ensuring that public blockchain progress remains transparent, decentralized, and independent from private interests. As governance continues to evolve, efforts are underway to explore more community-driven governance models.
While PBF remains the central governing entity of the public blockchain, several independent companies contribute technical expertise, adoption strategies, and infrastructure. Below, we outline their roles and how they align with PBF’s mission.
Partisia Infrastructure (PI) is an independent Danish company specializing in blockchain solutions, encryption, and privacy-preserving cryptography. However, its role in the ecosystem goes beyond enterprise applications—it has been a driving force behind the technical foundation of the public blockchain since its inception.
Partisia Infrastructure (PI) is the dedicated core developer team and technological brain trust behind the public blockchain. With over a decade of expertise in advanced cryptography, multi-party computation (MPC), and blockchain technologies, PI played a pivotal role in shaping the public blockchain’s whitepaper, regulatory framework, and token classification. As part of a larger group of independent Partisia companies that existed long before the blockchain’s launch, PI operates independently, generating its own revenue through private-sector contracts and projects ranging from quantum computing security to MPC-based key management (via Sepior, now a Blockdaemon company).
PI was responsible for building the core mainnet protocol, leveraging its deep cryptographic expertise to ensure a secure, scalable foundation for the blockchain. This work was delivered at a heavily discounted rate, underscoring PI’s commitment to the success of the public blockchain.
Since then, PI has remained the core development company behind the public blockchain, responsible for:
Beyond development, PI also plays a key role in enterprise adoption, acting as a go-to-market (GTM) partner for businesses transitioning to web3. By working with enterprises on private blockchain solutions, PI is often able to guide them toward the public blockchain, increasing on-chain activity and adoption.
Despite its involvement in development and enterprise solutions, PI operates independently from PBF, with strict governance ensuring that no public blockchain funds are used for private enterprise projects.
GODS Network is a Swiss-based entity established by Partisia Group—the same company that owns Partisia Infrastructure. It was created to solve a major challenge in web3: fragmentation across blockchain ecosystems.
By acting as an interoperability layer built directly on Partisia’s public blockchain, GODS Network connects disparate blockchains into a unified, seamless infrastructure, allowing data and transactions to flow across networks effortlessly.
At its core, GODS Network functions as a decentralized data subscription layer, enabling any smart contract on any blockchain to publish and subscribe to data across chains. This removes the silos between EVM and non-EVM blockchains, making decentralized applications more accessible and functional. The integration also enables Partisia’s public blockchain to provide privacy-preserving computation as a commodity across multiple chains, offering a unique value proposition in the web3 ecosystem.
While GODS Network is built by Partisia Infrastructure, it operates as a completely independent entity. It receives no funding or grants from Partisia Blockchain Foundation (PBF), ensuring a clear financial separation between GODS Network and the foundation. However, there is close collaboration between GN and PBF on business development, ensuring that GODS Network’s innovations directly drive adoption for the public blockchain.
One of the most significant benefits of GODS Network is that any use of its interoperability features will generate on-chain transactions on Partisia Blockchain. This means that while GODS Network operates independently, its success directly contributes to network activity and revenue generation for Partisia Blockchain node operators. By bridging blockchains and enabling seamless cross-chain transactions, GODS Network is positioned to be a key driver of Partisia Blockchain’s adoption in the broader web3 space.
PBC Apps is a Cayman Islands-based company founded by Brian Gallagher, a former co-founder and previous member of the Foundation Council. As part of the natural evolution of the ecosystem, Brian stepped away from day-to-day involvement with the foundation, shifting his focus to external adoption initiatives outside of PBF.
Originally, PBC Apps played a key role in driving early web3 adoption on Partisia Blockchain, leveraging its expertise to support ecosystem growth and infrastructure development.
The company was engaged in an arm’s length development agreement to build and maintain core ecosystem tools, including the initial explorer and Parti Wallet, which was—until recently—the only available wallet in the Partisia ecosystem.
Over time, the blockchain has expanded beyond a single provider, introducing new wallet solutions and enabling broader developer participation.
Today, PBC Apps operates entirely independently from the foundation and receives no further payments from PBF, originally required to build core infrastructure like wallets. It functions as a third-party service provider, just like any other independent vendor in the ecosystem, with no exclusivity or preferential treatment. This transition reflects the maturity of the public blockchain ecosystem, moving towards a more decentralized and competitive infrastructure landscape.
Ensuring strong governance and alignment between all companies in the ecosystem is a key priority for the Partisia Blockchain Foundation (PBF). The focus is not just on legal compliance, but on ensuring that every entity involved operates in a way that benefits the public blockchain and serves the long-term vision of the ecosystem.
From the very beginning, PBF was designed with a governance structure that prioritizes independence and accountability. Before the foundation was formally established, the co-founders worked extensively with Swiss regulators to ensure that the blockchain’s design met Utility token regulatory standards. This regulatory groundwork—combined with the development of the initial network version and the publication of the whitepaper—laid the foundation for how PBF would be structured.
To ensure that development efforts remained aligned with the public blockchain’s success, arms-length agreements were put in place with both Partisia Infrastructure and PBC Apps. These agreements were carefully structured and reviewed by an independent third party, ensuring that any services provided by external entities adhered to market standards and fair governance principles.
As PBF continues to evolve, governance remains an area of active development and refinement. The foundation operates under strict Swiss ESA supervision, undergoing annual audits that have consistently resulted in high compliance rankings with no critical issues. However, beyond regulatory adherence, the real measure of good governance is whether the relationships between entities in the ecosystem ultimately benefit the public blockchain and its stakeholders.
Instead of forcing a premature shift toward decentralized governance, the focus will remain on ensuring that the right governance mechanisms are in place to support the blockchain’s long-term success. As part of this commitment, the foundation’s council is actively exploring options to move toward a more community-centric governance model, including community representation on the council and a DAO model. These avenues would ensure that the public blockchain’s governance becomes more decentralized, balanced, and inclusive, with stronger representation from the community.
While the governance structure will continue to evolve over time, these options aim to strengthen transparency, accountability, and community involvement in decision-making. Should a clear route, requirement, and environment for these ideas arise in the future, it will be driven by community demand rather than imposed as a governance model for its own sake.
Governance improvements will be introduced gradually, ensuring that shifts toward decentralization are well-planned and beneficial to the network.
The Partisia Blockchain Foundation (PBF) is committed to building a sustainable, high-impact public blockchain. The separation of roles and responsibilities allows each organization to focus on its core strengths, ensuring that PBF remains dedicated to governance, adoption, and ecosystem growth while benefiting from technical expertise, interoperability advancements, and infrastructure contributions from aligned entities.
The public blockchain remains at the centre of this ecosystem, and PBF continues to explore opportunities to evolve its governance model to increase community involvement.
Partisia Blockchain is entering a new phase of growth, accountability, and execution, and we are excited to move forward together with the community toward a stronger, more decentralized future.
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In today’s fragmented web3 landscape, hundreds of blockchains operate as isolated silos—each with its own language, protocol, and consensus. This complexity creates daunting challenges for developers, enterprises, and users, hampering innovation and impeding secure, seamless data exchange. True interoperability remains the holy grail of web3.
GODS (Global Omnichain Data Service) is a breakthrough interoperability protocol that transforms complex cross-chain interactions into a simple, secure, and cost-effective subscription service. By enabling decentralized applications (dApps) to “listen” to events across diverse blockchains, GODS Network empowers innovation, drives enterprise integration, and fuels the growth of the Partisia ecosystem—all while upholding the vision of a decentralized, user-centric future where privacy and data control are paramount.
GODS Network envisions an “Internet of Blockchains” where data and assets flow effortlessly between networks. Its mission rests on three key pillars:
1. Breaking Down Barriers:
2. Transforming Interoperability
3. Security & Trust
Think of GODS Network as a universal remote control that can work with any device in your home – eliminating clutter and complexity. That is the promise of GODS Network for web3:
Every operation—from subscription initiation to MPC validation—is recorded on the public Partisia Blockchain. This transparency builds trust and allows anyone to audit the system in real time.
Distributed key management among a large number of MPC nodes means that even if some nodes are compromised, the integrity of cross-chain transactions remains intact. This state-of-the-art approach reduces the risk of a single point of failure.
Acting as a universal translator, GODS seamlessly connects EVM-based chains like Ethereum with non‑EVM chains such as Partisia Blockchain, Cardano, and Solana. Developers can integrate data from multiple sources without juggling different codebases or SDKs.
Much like calling a familiar API, developers can easily subscribe to on-chain events without writing complex bridging logic. This simplicity accelerates development and reduces operational overhead.
With a pay‑as‑you‑go model and the use of Merkle tree proofs to batch updates, GODS significantly lowers gas costs—a major advantage for high-frequency applications.
As the web3 landscape matures, interoperable data and assets become increasingly critical. Here are some real-world applications that demonstrate GODS Network’s transformative potential:
Many enterprises are eager to explore web3 but are slowed by complexity and fragmentation. GODS Network functions as a secure, transparent decentralized API that bridges legacy systems with modern blockchains. Imagine a supply chain platform where internal logistics run on a private network while payment settlements occur on multiple public blockchains—the integration made effortless by GODS Network.
Think of GODS Network as the API that connects secure enterprise systems with the decentralized world—a solution that bridges legacy and innovation seamlessly.
GODS Network is a critical pillar within the broader Partisia Blockchain ecosystem, reinforcing our shared vision of a decentralized, privacy-focused future:
Bridging Public and Private Networks
Driving On-Chain Activity
A Synergistic Ecosystem
At Partisia Blockchain, our vision is to reimagine web3 by “doing for data what Bitcoin did for money.”
We are committed to creating a decentralized network where privacy, interoperability, and real adoption coexist. GODS Network is the embodiment of that vision—an innovative interoperability layer that transforms a fragmented landscape into a unified digital infrastructure.
GN Solutions AG (the company behind GODS Network) is a Swiss-based entity established by Partisia Group—the same organization behind Partisia Infrastructure. Created to address the fragmentation of blockchain ecosystems, GODS enables any smart contract on any blockchain to publish and subscribe to data seamlessly.
Although built by Partisia Group, GODS operates independently and receives no funding or grants from the Partisia Blockchain Foundation, ensuring clear financial separation while benefiting from close business collaboration.
Every use of GODS Network’s features generates on-chain transactions on Partisia Blockchain, contributing to network activity and revenue. In this way, GODS plays a key role in advancing the broader web3 ecosystem while maintaining its distinct identity.
Read more about the different entities within the Partisia ecosystem here.
GODS Network offers a compelling vision for the future of blockchain interoperability. By transforming cross-chain data exchange into a secure, subscription-based service, it empowers developers, accelerates enterprise adoption, and drives the growth of the Partisia ecosystem.
Together with Partisia Blockchain’s commitment to privacy and robust cryptography, GODS Network is poised to make a fragmented landscape truly unified and accessible.
We hope you enjoyed our introduction and exploration of the potential of GODS Network.
Stay tuned for more updates and join our upcoming AMAs to learn more about how GODS Network is powering the future of web3 and enterprise interoperability.
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Blockchain technology is widely heralded as a transformative force for enterprise – from streamlining supply chains and enhancing financial processes to securing digital identities. It promises to radically improve how organizations manage data, trust, and transactions. Yet, many enterprises remain cautious about fully embracing public blockchain solutions because of concerns around security, scalability, privacy, control and regulatory compliance.
A compelling answer lies in a hybrid blockchain model – one that combines the best aspects of private (permissioned) and public (permissionless) networks. By integrating the control and confidentiality of private systems with the transparency and decentralization of public chains, enterprises can safeguard sensitive information while benefiting from global trust and interoperability.
Coupled with advanced solutions like the GODS Network, this approach not only addresses critical enterprise challenges but also drives broader public chain adoption.
It is important for us to outline what private and public blockchains are. This sets the groundwork for understanding why a hybrid model is best suited to catalyse enterprise adoption for the public blockchain network.
Characteristics:
Drawbacks:
Examples in practice:
Characteristics:
Drawbacks:
Examples in practice:
Think of a traditional bank. You access your account via a public app over a public network, but behind the scenes, the bank’s internal systems are protected by a secure intranet. Sensitive data like HR records or proprietary processes remain hidden, while only essential transaction data (like your account balance) is visible externally.
In web3, a private blockchain functions as this intranet, allowing sensitive computations to be kept confidential. Meanwhile, key outcomes—such as transaction confirmations—can be recorded on a public chain, ensuring transparency and immutability.
Large organizations often balk at placing any data on a fully public ledger—even if encrypted—due to regulatory constraints, internal policies, control, and privacy concerns. By offering a private network that seamlessly interfaces with a public chain, enterprises can:
It might seem counterintuitive, but as enterprises deploy private blockchains to manage sensitive data, they naturally generate key events—such as transaction finalizations—that can be recorded on public chains for greater transparency.
These on-chain records not only verify the private process but also bring real-world validation and transaction volume to the public ecosystem. Over time, this interplay boosts the credibility and adoption of public blockchains while enterprises get comfortable on the private side.
Multi-Party Computation (MPC) is a critical technology that enhances security by allowing multiple parties to compute functions over their data without revealing the inputs. In a hybrid model:
Decentralized MPC:
Centralized MPC:
Hybrid MPC Approaches:
GODS Network further the migration from enterprise blockchains to any public blockchain by not locking migration to a single public blockchain. It’s designed as a cross-chain data subscription layer that seamlessly connects disparate blockchains—whether private or public—through a simple, API-like interface. Here’s what makes GODS Network unique:
A hybrid blockchain model is the most practical solution for onboarding web2 enterprises into the web3 world. By keeping sensitive data and internal processes on a private network while using public chains for key transactions, enterprises can:
As enterprises increasingly migrate to hybrid frameworks, they generate a wealth of validated public transactions that enhance the overall credibility and interoperability of blockchain networks. Platforms like GODS Network embody this vision by offering a secure, scalable, and developer-friendly bridge that not only protects sensitive data but also catalyzes broader public chain adoption.
The journey toward enterprise blockchain adoption has been deliberate and measured, with enterprises seeking solutions that balance privacy, control, and regulatory compliance against transparency and decentralization. Hybrid blockchain models effectively bridge this gap by combining the best elements of private and public blockchains, delivering secure, scalable solutions that enterprises can comfortably adopt.
The banking analogy illustrates how internal systems (the “intranet”) can coexist with public interfaces, enabling both confidentiality and auditability. GODS Network enhances this hybrid approach by seamlessly connecting private and public infrastructures, streamlining cross-chain interactions and simplifying overall user experience. It is an essential tool for facilitating smooth integration and interaction.
As enterprises build confidence in this hybrid model, they will drive increased public chain activity, ultimately creating a robust, interconnected web3 ecosystem.
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Web3 is widely described as the next evolution of the internet, a decentralized, user-centric ecosystem where individuals control their digital assets and data.
Yet, while blockchain technology delivers transparency and asset ownership, true data control remains elusive. People may hold and control their assets on-chain, but they generally lack privacy over how their personal information is stored, shared, and monetized.
At Partisia Blockchain, we fix this. Our mission is to embed privacy and data ownership in Web3 through Multiparty Computation (MPC)—a powerful cryptographic technology that enables secure, centralized privacy-preserving computations.
This is why we say: “We do for data what Bitcoin did for money.”
Our vision is clear: build a decentralized network that is both transparent and confidential, enabling users and organizations to interact freely without losing control of their data.
Achieving this requires removing friction, enabling seamless interoperability, and delivering a practical path for both native web3 projects and traditional enterprises to build on or with Partisia Blockchain.
To bring this vision to life, our strategic priorities focus on two key areas:
Despite remarkable strides in the blockchain industry, widespread adoption is still hindered by fragmentation, inefficiencies, and insufficient confidentiality.
Partisia Blockchain tackles these challenges in several ways:
User-centric confidentiality and data control:
Cross-chain interoperability:
Scalability and stable fees:
Which enables many new and novel use cases such as:
Bringing Privacy to DID and AI:
Providing Cross-Chain MPC Security:
Enhancing Cross-Chain DeFi:
Although Partisia Blockchain is a best practice L1 it does not compete with other L1 or L2 projects; instead, we complement them. We do so by providing privacy, security, and cross-chain functionality that makes web3 more scalable, user-friendly and secure.
For enterprises, the leap into decentralized technology can be often seen as too daunting, complex and disruptive. Many factors may contribute to this, including concerns around security, scalability, privacy, control, and regulatory compliance.
Partisia Blockchain simplifies this process by providing a step-by-step migration path that allows businesses to transition from private networks to public blockchain ecosystems at their own pace.
There is a natural supply chain perspective in moving web2 companies to web3. While industry collaboration typically happens in private enterprise controlled networks, web3 offers a superior way to enhance the collaboration with end users of a product or service.
Two core properties of Partisia Blockchain makes it a pathway to web3:
Examples of enterprise adoption use cases include:
By minimizing adoption hurdles, we empower enterprises to capitalize on blockchain core benefits – transparency, interoperability, and privacy – without disrupting their existing operations.
This strategy is already reflected in our six-month technical roadmap for Partisia Blockchain, merging technical advancements with ecosystem expansion plans.
Strengthening the Developer Ecosystem:
Improved User Onboarding:
Expanding BYOC (Bring Your Own Coin) Solutions:
Expanding BYON (Bring Your Own (zk) Nodes)
Utilizing GODS.Network
A more detailed roadmap update will be shared in June, outlining the next evolution of the project.
One of the most significant innovations in the ecosystem is the launch of GODS Network, a revolutionary interoperability layer built on Partisia Blockchain.
Leveraging MPC and secure cryptographic techniques, GODS Network enables any smart contract to seamlessly access and process data across multiple blockchains—turning fragmented ecosystems into a unified digital infrastructure.
In essence, GODS Network addresses one of web3’s biggest barriers—true interoperability—while amplifying Partisia Blockchain’s vision of a privacy-focused, scalable, and decentralized future.
It is worth noting that GODS Network is funded independently from the Partisia Blockchain Foundation, hence, the Partisia Blockchain benefits from additional throughput and activity without extra cost to the ecosystem.
Learn more via our dedicated introductory article or through the GODS.Network website.
A public blockchain’s long-term success is measured by real-usage, not short-term speculation. Our strategy is designed to drive 3 core pillars:
While we offer grants to builders, we do not rely on them to attract enterprises. They join us for ROI and a robust technical foundation with proven technical expertise to take on this challenge.
Our sustainability model focuses on consistent ecosystem involvement – real transactions, ongoing integrations, and enduring partnerships, rather than token-driven boom and busts.
Decentralized governance is key to fulfilling our long-term vision. The Partisia Blockchain Foundation (PBF) is a Swiss-regulated non-profit, operating under strict oversight to ensure funds are used solely to develop and promote the public blockchain.
Over time, as we evolve, we will implement governance improvements to further align with community participation and transparency. Discussions and updates around governance changes will be conducted through blog posts, social channels, community channels and other avenues we’re working on.
You can join us across any of these channels, available via our linktree.
Our goal is not just decentralization for the sake of optics, but real, functional governance that supports the long-term success of the network.
Governance improvements will be introduced gradually, ensuring that shifts toward decentralization are well-planned and beneficial to the network.
Partisia Blockchain is a key enabler of a truly decentralized web3. By combining MPC-powered privacy, interoperability, and real enterprise adoption, we are setting the stage for a more secure, scalable, and inclusive digital economy.
We are at a pivotal moment in our journey. With a refined strategy, an expanding ecosystem, and clear governance direction, we are ready to take web3 to the next level.
Expect to see major developments in the coming months, including new technical rollouts, ecosystem partnerships, and deeper community engagement.
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by Jesper Buus Nielsen, Chief Cryptographic System Designer
This brief post explains why I believe secure multiparty computation (MPC) is a key technology for creating a better version of the internet and why we founded Partisia Blockchain to unlock its potential.
First, a bit about myself: I am a professor of computer science at Aarhus University in Denmark. For me, MPC and blockchain represent a professional life journey. My PhD thesis in 2003 focused on cryptographic consensus protocols, threshold signature schemes and MPC. Twenty-one years later, these technologies are starting to flourish. Today, they are often known as blockchains, distributed wallets and, well, MPC, and I am still researching them.
If you are reading this post, you probably already know what MPC is. If not, MPC allows multiple servers–each holding private data–to perform computations on the joint dataset without exposing any private data and without revealing anything beyond the computed output. It may sound like magic, but it is just cryptography. For details, see our book here.
I believe MPC has the potential to solve many of the current problems with the internet. The internet was initially envisioned as a space for sharing public information. Instead, it has become a space where we often pour private information into informational black holes, which monetize it in opaque ways, from programmed outrage to influencing voting behavior. You might argue that people should simply stop trading their privacy for trivial rewards. However, when faced with a choice between functionality and privacy, people tend to choose functionality. It is unrealistic to expect this to change, as humans are short-sighted utility optimizers. Fortunately, there is no need to choose between functionality and privacy. MPC demonstrates that you can eat your cake and have it too.
We just need to integrate MPC into everything. Imagine a dream world where using MPC is easy and free. If you wanted to compute on a dataset from several sources, you would simply specify the desired computation in your favorite programming language, indicate where the data is located, compile the code, deploy it, run it. And voilà, the desired result would magically appear where it should, with no leaks. And this process would be as efficient as computing the result on a single computer. Moreover, it would be completely transparent, allowing you to know and control exactly how and when your data was used. Had the internet looked like this from the beginning the way we store and process private data would be completely different, and thousands of new applications would be possible. This does not have to remain a dream world. We can build it, and we should build it!
Two decades ago, I thought researching better MPC protocols would be enough for the world to adopt them. However, implementing and deploying MPC turned out to be more challenging than I anticipated. In 2008, I co-founded Partisia ApS to put MPC into practice. This experience taught me a lot about the real-world challenges of using MPC. For each new use case, we often had to design a new optimized protocol, implement it, and find servers to run it. The hardest part was finding mutually trusted, organizationally separate parties to run the servers and teaching them how to use MPC. While there is still a place for such deployments, it became clear that this approach would not scale if we wanted MPC in everything. If each use case had to bear the cost of developing and implementing a protocol, and if we had to constantly find relevant organizations willing to host the servers, it would not be widely adopted. The solution we came up with was Partisia Blockchain.
Let us look back three decades at how the internet was organized when I was a kid to illustrate why Partisia Blockchain is the way to go. Technologies like FTP, Gopher, Usenet, and Archie technically allowed everything the World Wide Web does today, but there was no dot-com boom. It took Tim Berners-Lee’s 1989 paper, “Information Management: A Proposal”. He rather modestly wanted to improve the way information was shared and managed among researchers at CERN and other institutions. He did not know he had just invented Amazon, eBay, Google, Yahoo, PayPal, Priceline… And of course he had not. He had invented an incredibly potential enabling technology. There might have been a short window where one boomer got the chance to ask “but what is WWW really useful for?” In fact, I know that guy. He was one of my professors the first year at my university. But it quickly turned out that the answer was “Everything!”
In my opinion, one of the most important developments happened in 1995, where the world saw the first version of the open source Apache web server. Now everyone could contribute to developing the WWW and everyone could almost by a single click install a web server and become an “Internet company”. After that no one looked back. There was no reason to ask what WWW was useful for. Everyone started to build what we have today, bottom up. By the early 2000s, Apache had become the dominant web server, powering over 70% of all websites. Apache was very much the enabler and the workhorse of the dot-com boom in the 1990s. Apache’s influence persists today, where 30% of all web servers still run Apache.
So, that was the question: How do we build the “Apache of MPC”? How do we make it possible for everyone to integrate MPC with a “single click”? Instead of having a few MPC companies pursue use cases, we needed to make the technology seamlessly available to everyone to kickstart the building of the MPC internet bottom up. The MPC equivalents of Amazon, eBay, Google, Yahoo, PayPal and Priceline would follow. You will build those! Of course, we needed programming languages and compilers to facilitate this. And we needed tools for integrating MPC with the existing internet technology. That is a lot of work, but it is not fundamentally different from building something like Apache. It is software. However, a major obstacle we were left contemplating was the problem of finding servers to run the protocols. This was an organizational problem, not a software problem. The solution we went for was a blockchain organizing staked and vetted organizations and individuals willing to run the MPCs. Servers hosted by blockchain participants can programmatically be scrambled when needed for an MPC: MPC-as-a-service. You can read more about the Partisia Blockchain architecture here [TBA]. Crucially this converted an organizational problem into a software one. And Partisia Blockchain was born.
There is still a lot of work to be done towards the ultimate dream of making MPC as efficient as computing on a single machine. This is one of the problems I focus on as a university researcher. However, in Partisia Blockchain we are now finally implementing a full-stack, single-click solution to integrate MPC into everything. You should join us in building the workhorse of the MPC internet and start integrating MPC into everything. The rest, I hope, will soon be internet history.
For me, blockchain and MPC represent an ongoing professional life journey. In the future I have two main means of transportation for the journey. From my role as a university researcher, I aim to continually develop better MPC protocols. Through Partisia Blockchain, I hope to help create “the Apache of MPC”. It has been a 21-year journey so far. We came a long way, but we also have a long road in front of us. Let us see where we are in 21 years from now. By 2045, I hope that if anyone asks, “But what is MPC really useful for?” the answer will be a bemused, “Everything!!!”, and that Partisia Blockchain is organizing 30% of the world’s MPC servers.
Until then, let’s get to work!
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There are 7 proprietary innovations that deliver Partisia Blockchain’s complete Layer 1+2 Blockchain. In this blog, we present the final and the seventh innovative feature — market for trust — we call it Mithra.
For an overview of all of the 7 features see the Zeus blog. We present each of the 7 innovations with a unique post leading up to TGE on May 31, 2022.
As any decentralized network, Partisia Blockchain relies on efficient node operators and no dominating numbers of malicious nodes. To grow a strong network of highly trusted efficient nodes, the Partisia Blockchain will gradually evolve into a market for trust — a market that rewards nodes that efficiently validate and propagate information and run zero-knowledge computation and token bridges trusted by the users.
The first part of the market for trust is to incentivize good performance by the individual nodes running basic blockchain services. This covers P2P propagation of information, validation and execution of transactions. The initial incentive provision will adjust the simple proportional reward sharing with direct observable measures such as the number of blocks produced as Sequencer. This rewards the best nodes performing the very basic operation as Sequencer. This basic incentive provision will be extended with an advanced incentive scheme that rewards nodes for revealing the otherwise hidden activities in the P2P network. The collected information is made public and used to reward the nodes that are the most active propagators of information in the P2P network. The intuition for this model is illustrated below.
The second part of the market for trust focuses on the ZK and Oracle services that are operated by subsets of ZK and Oracle nodes. As the network of ZK Oracle nodes grows the users will be able to impact the selection nodes for zero-knowledge computation and token bridges. This selection process will gradually involve a market where quality is rewarded and the most trusted nodes will be paid a higher price for the services performed.
In conclusion, on one hand, the basic blockchain involving all baker nodes is incentivized through relative performance and local information in the P2P network. On the other hand, the services performed by subsets of nodes are incentivized through competition driven by the users. In combination, this two-sided incentive provision sets a new standard for how to incentivize a decentralized network by creating a comprehensive and transparent market for trust for the greater good.
For more details, please check out the yellow paper, software documentation and the Medium blogs.
This concludes the blog series that briefly introduced the 7 main features defining the Partisia Blockchain mainnet, called ZEUS:
Poseidon — Provable Fast Track Consensus
Hermes — Collateralized Token Bridging
Apollo — Unified Public and Private Smart Contracts
Mithra — Market for Trust
Please let us know what you think and thank you to everyone in our community for your support!
There are 7 proprietary innovations that deliver Partisia Blockchain’s complete Layer 1+2 Blockchain. In this blog we present the sixth innovative feature — public and private smart contracts — we call it Apollo.
For an overview of all of the 7 features see the Zeus blog here. We are presenting each of the 7 innovations with a unique post to explain each feature.
Smart contracts are programs stored and executed on the blockchain. The automated execution of smart contracts based on predefined conditions is a significant part of the value proposition from the blockchain ecosystem in general. Today this kind of tailored services are managed by third parties in control of the users’ data — a situation that created the current internet economy or web 2.0 with large information giants.
The privacy-preserving computations built into the Partisia Blockchain add an essential dimension to smart contracts. With general privacy-preserving computation, smart contract automation enables a data driven economy with private digital agents that remain in full control of the private data involved. This is a new way forward for the internet economy with the users in control of their own data and hence their own bargaining power.
To realize this vision, the smart contracts on Partisia Blockchain are designed for general coordination of public and private computations — a unified public and private smart contract language. A very significant innovation is the private smart contracts that makes it simple for any developer to tap into zero-knowledge computation or MPC-as-a-Service. As MPC is a very advanced technology — it is an explicit goal that the expertise and knowhow of the Partisia expert team will be gradually built into the smart contract language. This will ensure the uptake of an otherwise complex technology and enable efficient execution and avoid security breaches.
We believe that general privacy-preserving computation and our private smart contract language will move the blockchain ecosystem to a new level and open up for an entire new field of use cases.
The smart contracts will enable users to take advantage of the full stack that has been designed to bring privacy to all platforms. The scalability provided by Poseidon and Iris enable efficient zero-knowledge computation and the Bring Your Own Coin (BYOC) provided by Hermes ensures economic alignment with the networks that integrate with Partisia Blockchain.
For more details, please checkout the yellow paper and software documentation.
Please let us know what you think and stay tuned for the next blog post about the market for trust, called Mithra.
Thank you to everyone in our community for your support!
Partisia Blockchain Team
There are 7 proprietary innovations that deliver Partisia Blockchain’s complete Layer 1+2 Blockchain. In this blog we present the fifth innovative feature — MPC-as-a-Service — we call it Demeter.
For an overview of all of the 7 features see the Zeus blog. We present each of the 7 innovations with a unique post leading up to TGE on May 31, 2022.
The single most important contribution of the Partisia Blockchain project is to bring general privacy-preserving computation to blockchain and most notably Secure Multiparty Computation (MPC). MPC is a revolutionary technology that allows us to protect our data, not only when they are being stored or communicated, but also while they are being processed.
Using Secure Multiparty Computation, individuals and organizations can allow their private data to be used for a certain purpose, while retaining complete control over the data. One example is a new type of “data exchange” where the data owners remain in control of their data and where only the result of privacy-preserving computation is shared or exchanged. This allows citizens to participate in continuous assessment of healthcare treatment or for competing companies to share best practice for the greater good. Another example is financial markets, where private order books can be matched continuously and only matching trades executed. These are just two examples of services already developed and tested in real life — we believe that the Partisia Blockchain dApps ecosystem will reveal the true power of MPC-as-a-Service as a core part of WEB 3.0.
To be secure and efficient, MPC requires participation of multiple parties that share the computational work to be done. This avoids having to trust any single party, but also leads to practical challenges related to coordination of the computing parties and managing the communication with the data owners.
This is why the entire Partisia Blockchain is designed for secure and efficient orchestration of MPC-as-a-Service. The team behind the project has pioneered MPC and delivered commercial grade MPC since 2008. Partisia Blockchain is probably the most ambitious MPC platform and it comes with an extensive set of tools and a new set of MPC protocols called REAL. A core feature is efficient preprocessing that utilizes all the blockchain orchestration of many nodes to the fullest extent to speed up realtime use of MPC. We call this Demeter MPC-as-a-Service and claim that we set a new standard for how to conduct any type of privacy-preserving computations within and beyond the blockchain ecosystem.
For more details, please checkout the yellow paper, software documentation and the Medium blogs.
Please let us know what you think and stay tuned for the next blog post about the unified public and private smart contracts, called Apollo.
Thank you to everyone in our community for your support!
Partisia Blockchain Team
There are 7 proprietary innovations that deliver Partisia Blockchain’s complete Layer 1+2 Blockchain. In this blog we present the fourth innovative feature — the zero-knowledge layer — we call it Athena.
For an overview of all of the 7 features see the Zeus blog. We present each of the 7 innovations with a unique post leading up to TGE on May 31, 2022.
“The lack of confidentiality and privacy on blockchains is obvious and hampers their uptake and use”. This is the first line of the white paper and the starting point of the Partisia Blockchain as the project is all about bringing privacy to blockchain.
Current mainstream blockchain technology provides full transparency about transactions and a pseudonymized representation of the users. Adding privacy in terms of “private transactions” to this mainstream blockchain model is challenging as one cannot both have private transactions and be anonymous. Another often overlooked problem is the privacy problem around the data used prior to a transaction as opposed to the transaction itself. As an example, it may require the use of private data across hundreds of potential buyers and sellers to get to a single transaction. Providing privacy to this part is what has the potential to turn the current business model in the internet economy upside down and put the user back in control of their own data.
The Partisia Blockchain is designed to bring privacy to blockchain in a regulatory compliant and flexible way. The basic design choice is to build privacy on top of a transparent mainstream blockchain model. This allows us to design a highly efficient and scalable consensus and execution laid out in the Poseidon and Iris blog. Privacy-preserving computation is added as a service on top of the basic blockchain. From an application developer’s or designer’s point of view, this allows for any arbitrary mix of transparency and privacy. The privacy-preserving computation makes it even possible to add privacy to the extent needed — and you can even have complete privacy. As an example of this, consider a dApp with its own private transactions built on the Partisia Blockchain, this way any audit request can be done with privacy-preserving computation and the transactions can remain private in a regulatory compliant way.
The privacy-preserving computation is provided and operated exclusively by accredited ZK nodes in known jurisdictions. This further enables dApps to be regulatory compliant with data protection regulation like GDPR for two main reasons:
Hereby, Partisia Blockchain enable basic GDPR requirements like the “Right to privacy” (Data is kept private in all stages: at rest, in transit and process) and “Right to be forgotten” (Data is used ad hoc and the encrypted data used in zero-knowledge computations are deleted after use).
For more details, please checkout the yellow paper and software documentation.
Please let us know what you think and stay tuned for the next blog post about MPC-As-A-Service, called Demeter.
Thank you to everyone in our community for your support!
Partisia Blockchain Team