Currently our MPC protocol (called REAL) computes binary protocols, but we are going to add an arithmetic protocol in the not too distant future. The “binary” or “arithmetic” property of a protocol is not an indication of what is possible, but rather what is efficient.
Every MPC protocol operates on units of some type, and all applications using MPC are built using a very very small set of operations on this type. Some types are better at some applications than others, which motivates supporting protocols that operate on different unit types.
In binary REAL, the “unit type” is a bit; that is, a number that is either 0 or 1. The only operations we can perform on these bits are exclusive or and conjunction (or XOR and AND). All other protocols have to be built using one or more bits, and a combination of XOR and AND operations.
This naturally means that protocols that can be efficiently expressed as a combination of XOR and AND operations, would be efficient in binary REAL. Such operations include comparisons, any kind of bit manipulation, rotations, shifts, and so on.
On the other hand, operations that require a lot of XOR and AND operations, would be in-efficient. For example, additions, subtractions, multiplications and essentially any operation that is “arithmetic” in nature.
In Arithmetic REAL, on the other hand, the “unit type” is a number between 0 and n (for some n) — and the only operations we can perform are addition and multiplication.
Arithmetic REAL therefore performs very well in applications with a lot of arithmetic. That is, a lot of additions, subtractions, multiplications and so on. On the other hand, applications with a lot of non-arithmetic operations are expensive. For example, it is not very easy to compare two numbers, if all you’re allowed to do is add and multiply the two numbers being compared with each other.
Binary REAL, being binary (or boolean) in nature, performs well on applications that are, well, binary in nature. This includes applications such as
Arithmetic REAL, being arithmetic, performs well on arithmetic applications:
By enabling arithmetic computations in Partisia Blockchain, we aim to open up new solutions as well as allow for cheaper and easier implementation of existing ones. From health record analysis to private voting in a massive scale, we hope to achieve a much wider acceptance of MPC as a perfect solution to enabling computation while protecting individual users’ privacy.
Be on the lookout for this sometime in the 3rd or 4th quarter of 2023.
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Guest Blog by Oleg Ivanov, Co-Founder of Weezi/Secondlane.
SecondLane is co-founded by top players in the Web3 OTC market, combining advanced tech, licensing and historical business volume in the secondary market.
With SecondLane project teams, advisors and investors can now:
Or
The technology stack has been built over the past two years with Weezi team, who now migrated full-time to SecondLane.
There are six essential features that are gradually being automated and released by the team. Each of these features represents the steps of a typical OTC deal.
Such features are bundled into three versions of the SecondLane platform, with SecondLane V1 up and running on EVM-compatible chains.
We are honored to be trusted by Partisia Blockchain to integrate the Partisia ecosystem’s main characteristics into our SecondLane V2 release.
The core element of SecondLane V2 is automated on-chain onboarding and verification of users and assets. This has to be done in (a) a compliant, and (b) privacy-preserving form; so that buyers and sellers are sure that their information is not known to the public.
Partisia Blockchain’s ZK MPC technology, coupled with the decentralized consensus of oracles, is the right mix of tools for our task.
The innovations set to be introduced by Partisia Blockchain is long awaited in the market, and we at SecondLane are excited to be among the first partners to integrate those into our product for our client base.
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One of the main priorities for any blockchain is adoption. The stronger the base that are developing on the chain, the stronger the chain. And one of the important factors for adoption is the ease of development on a chain. For that purpose, we have been working hard on tools to help developers develop and deploy on our chain.
The below are some of the key frameworks, contracts and libraries that will help developers create amazing applications on our chain which we are planning to release in the next 6 months.
With these tools, we hope we will allow development in our chain to be easier, and we will continue to focus on building new tools to help the development community.
Many of these items will launch as they get completed, with a full completion date of around the end of 4th Quarter.
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One of Partisia Blockchain’s core values is in collaboration. Our belief is that one of the main paths to advancing the further adoption of the blockchain industry is through working together. And this belief is built into our blockchain architecture.
As mentioned in our interoperability article, the current blockchain ecosystem is kind of like going to an amusement park. You can play in an ecosystem but only if you pay using their native token.
Partisia Blockchain’s payment mechanism broke away from this paradigm and designed a tokenomics that uses other chains tokens. We started off with Ethereum, then added Polygon USDC, and then integrated BNB into the chain. Now, we are bringing the ability to onboarding tokens to the community.
With the new Ethereum BYOC Framework, we are enabling the ability for any community developer to submit a proposal to onboard a ERC20 or a BEP20 token of their choice that is running on the respective chains into the Partisia Blockchain bridge. This brings the control of adding a token into the Partisia Blockchain to the public.
How it works:
By enabling this important roadmap item, we bring the control of onboarding any new Eth or BNB based asset into our unique bridge to not only be used as a swappable tokens, but allow it to be usable as gas for transacting in the Partisia Blockchain network. Whether you are a dApp that wants to add privacy services into your existing application, or create a unique DeFi solution on Partisia Blockchain that allows for swift easy swaps between assets while preventing front running and sandwich attacks through MPC, all of the value proposition that Partisia Blockchain offers is now available to any system running in the Etherium, Polygon or BNB chains.
Please look out for this feature being launched sometime in the 3rd/4th quarter.
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The first half of 2023 has been an exciting time for Partisia Blockchain. We have achieved significant milestones and made remarkable progress in the Web3 space. As we look back on the exciting developments, we are thrilled to share our progress with our community and ecosystem partners. We integrated the BNB token into our ecosystem, launched our pricing oracle, explored the synergy between blockchain and sustainability and much more. For an overview of our accomplishments, we invite you to watch our First Half 2023 video review, where our founders give an update on the highlights and progress we have made.
The Partisia Blockchain team had the privilege of attending the renowned Crypto Valley Conference in Rotkreuz in early June. This gathering in our home canton of Zug brought together a diverse range of stakeholders, including our community, esteemed partners, and industry experts. We engaged in insightful discussions centered around emerging trends such as artificial intelligence and privacy.
Last month, our team members gathered in Copenhagen for a strategy meeting to collaborate, strategize, and plan for the rest of 2023. This meeting played a crucial role in bringing us together, aligning our goals, and fueling our drive for excellence in the upcoming months. Our founders also held a successful Quarterly Ask-Me-Anything (AMA) session with our community, where we provided updates on our accomplishments during the first half of the year and the plans ahead. The AMA was a demonstration of our commitment to fostering open communication and collaboration within our growing ecosystem.
June was full of major milestone achievements, with the BNB token now part of the BYOC family. This opens up both additional opportunities for the BNB community into our ecosystem as well as enabling the BNB dApps with our multiparty computation technology. As a part of the implementation, Bruce Ahn, our head of developer relations joined Binance in their AMA to describe what the integration is all about.
We also launched our long awaited pricing oracle for both ETH and BNB tokens. This will allow accurate pricing information for when ETH or BNB tokens are spent as gas in our chain.
The Partisia Blockchain community has been buzzing with excitement and activity, with various initiatives and partnerships making significant strides in the Web3 space. Let’s take a closer look at some of the major achievements and updates from our ecosystem partners.
Kin, the ad free Web3 search engine, kicked off a highly successful airdrop campaign in June. The campaign has been nothing short of remarkable, allowing Kin to reach a wide audience and introduce our project to Web3 enthusiasts around the globe. We are thrilled to see the tremendous growth in the Kin community and excited for what is next.
Another noteworthy achievement comes from Blockchain-Ads, a revolutionary advertising and data solution in the Web3 space. They have successfully deployed their groundbreaking product, the “Web3Cookie,” on the Partisia Blockchain testnet. This innovative data monetization tool empowers everyday internet users, enabling them to generate their own cookie and securely monetize their browsing data while preserving their privacy.
In addition to these achievements, we recently hosted our first exciting livestream on Parti.com, the first Web3 Peer-to-Peer creator economy platform. Brian Gallagher, the Co-Founder of Partisia Blockchain, took the stage and shared his insights into various topics. The livestream covered the BNB token bridge integration, zero knowledge, and decentralized social media. It was an opportunity for the community to gain valuable knowledge and test out the new Parti.com platform.
We were also delighted to announce the commencement of the on-chain distribution of rewards for the fourth quarter (March–May 2023). This quarter’s distribution is our largest to date, with a total of 1,202,224 MPC tokens being paid out to 743 wallets. The progressive nature of the rewards ensures that each quarter brings new opportunities for participants. If you are new to staking, we recommend checking out our guide and instructional video to learn how to stake and get rewarded.
In our ongoing commitment to innovation, Partisia Blockchain continued to shine a spotlight on our Interoperability and Scalability solutions. We explored the potential of our Interoperability solution, which enables seamless collaboration between chains, unlocking endless possibilities. Through the power of Bring Your Own Coin (BYOC), we revolutionize the way transactions are conducted across different chains. To learn more about our Interoperability solution, we invite you to read our article on the challenges in blockchain interoperability and Partisia Blockchain’s solution. Additionally, we hosted an informative Q&A discussion, where our expert team members provided valuable insights.
When it comes to scalability, we ventured into the future of blockchain scalability with our Complete Sharding solution. This cutting-edge solution harnesses the power of real-time finalization and genuine parallel processing of blocks, resulting in remarkable scalability. To gain a deeper understanding of what sets our Complete Sharding solution apart, we encouraged readers to dive into our detailed article and watch our insightful Q&A discussion.
Recognizing the significance of sustainability in the blockchain space, this month, we delved into the impact and importance of sustainable practices. We explored how blockchain technology promotes transparency, accountability, and sustainable practices, highlighting the unique approach of Partisia Blockchain. In a captivating Q&A session, we engaged with Monadi, a platform that manages sustainability data and reporting in compliance with the Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive (CSRD). Together, we explored the intersection of sustainability, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) factors, and the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The discussion shed light on how Monadi, powered by Partisia Blockchain, plans to incorporate these principles into its future sustainability initiatives.
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In the rapidly changing world of blockchain technology, sustainability has emerged as a fundamental driver, shaping the development and implementation of solutions. Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles — together with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) — provide a roadmap for organizations seeking to make a positive and lasting impact. Partisia Blockchain, a leading next-generation blockchain, recognizes the paramount importance of sustainability and is dedicated to integrating its core operations and initiatives.
“For me, sustainability is all about thinking a step ahead by including derived effects in decision-making. The great thing about ESG and SDG goals is the hard work that has been put into mapping some of the most important goals for the global society. For Partisia Blockchain, these goals function as a “call to action” when prioritizing flagship projects,” says Kurt Nielsen, Partisia Blockchain Co-Founder.
At Partisia Blockchain, sustainability is not just a buzzword, but an integral part of our portfolio. We firmly believe that blockchain technology has the potential to drive positive change and contribute to a sustainable future. Through our range of solutions, we prioritize sustainability and align our projects with ESG and UN SDG goals.
Our commitment to sustainability is also strengthened through strategic partnerships with organizations that share our vision. Let’s explore some of the inspiring collaborations that link sustainability to blockchain technology:
Partisia Blockchain’s partnership with the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) addresses critical humanitarian challenges using blockchain technology. By leveraging our solutions, we contribute to ICRC’s efforts in providing aid, protecting human rights, and delivering assistance to those in need. This partnership aligns with multiple SDGs, including SDG 1 (No Poverty), SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being), and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice, and Strong Institutions).
Health Innovation Exchange is dedicated to improving access to healthcare worldwide. With the introduction of Vorne.ai, HIEx tackles the longstanding challenge of transparency in fundraising. For the first time, Vorne.ai offers not only a simple one-click donation feature, but also transparent value-chain reporting throughout the lifecycle of donated funds. This transformative approach ensures that donors can see the direct impact of their contributions, fostering trust and accountability.
Partisia Blockchain plays a pivotal role in this process by creating a one-to-one match between donations and a stable token. This token is minted, utilized and meticulously tracked to ensure full transparency of the impact each donation makes on the supported cause. By leveraging its technology, Partisia Blockchain ensures that every transaction is secure, transparent and immutable, setting a new standard in the healthcare fundraising sector.
Peter Frandsen, Chief Technology Officer at Partisia Blockchain, says:
“We are honored to partner with the Health Innovation Exchange. Through this collaboration, which commenced in Davos during the World Economic Forum, we reaffirm our commitment to advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Our technology not only enhances transparency and accountability in healthcare donations, but also drives significant progress towards achieving the SDGs.”
Partisia Blockchain has joined forces for a strategic partnership with OriginAll, a technology company tackling the humanitarian issue of counterfeit medicine and lack of accountability in remittances and charitable donations. Through the OriginAll Healthies system, powered by Partisia Blockchain’s technology, we are revolutionizing the distribution of funds. Healthies, special tokens, ensure that remittances and donations are used exclusively for their intended purpose, combating counterfeit medicine and fostering transparency in healthcare. This partnership aligns with SDG 3 (Good Health and Well-being) and SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals).
Monadi, a sustainability-focused organization, has joined forces with Partisia Blockchain to leverage technology and sustainability expertise to drive positive change. This partnership aims to develop innovative solutions that address pressing environmental and social challenges. By combining Monadi’s sustainability insights with Partisia Blockchain’s cutting-edge technology, we strive to create a more sustainable and resilient future. This partnership aligns with multiple UN SDGs, including SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure) and SDG 13 (Climate Action).
Sustainability is a guiding principle at Partisia Blockchain, driving our commitment to create innovative, secure, and scalable solutions. By integrating ESG and UN SDG goals into our projects and forming strategic partnerships, we harness the transformative potential of blockchain technology to address global challenges and promote sustainable development.
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Scalability has been something that architects have been grappling with for many years. In the technology space, being able to scale both vertically (adding capacity) and horizontally (adding instances) has been grappled with in all parts of the technology stack. Do you add more transistors in a CPU or add cores to work together? Do you add more space in a hard drive or add multiple hard drives to work together? Do you build a faster computer, or create a software architecture to use multiple computers in sync?
One thing is for certain however. Scaling vertically has limits. There is only so much CPU, memory, storage you can add to a single system before it runs out of capacity.
Blockchain space is no exception. As adoption grows, so must the ability for a blockchain to handle the additional transaction on chain as a result. And in the blockchain space, we call it TPS (transactions per second) This is a combination of two metrics;
Different blockchains use different architectures to try and achieve faster throughput. For finalization, there are things like probabilistic and deterministic finalization. To achieve a higher number of transactions, blockchains have turned to sharding, and added on different rollup technologies like ZK or optimistic roll ups.
To create the fastest blockchain, you have to first look at what can theoretically be achieved for the above two factors. For the finalization time, the fastest is instant. As soon as the block is created, you want it to be finalized as fast as possible. For the number of transactions in a block, you want to be able to put the number of transactions in a blockchain can handle to be as much as possible. The more transactions you can process at the same time, the faster your chain will be. And all of this needs to be done in a secure manner. So how does Partisia Blockchain handle these two challenges?
For finalization, PBC has implemented a unique consensus model that consists of three parts.
This unique finalization model allows for blocks to be created and finalized in real time with the only limit being the time it takes for the verification signatures to propagate throughout the network. (More info in PBC’s yellow paper section 3.1)
While the term “sharding” has been popularized by blockchain, its actually a term that was coined back in the 1990s, by an online video game company, of all places. During the initial popularization of MMORPG (massively multiplayer online role-playing games) the company building the game Ultima Online ran into a scalability problem. To solve the problem of scaling out huge worlds for hundreds of thousands of users to interact with, they came up with a database scaling architecture and coined it “Sharding” This sharding architecture caught on and is now actively being used by many different database products, including MySQL, Oracle DB and MSSQL.
Blockchain has borrowed the term but if you look at the general architecture of most blockchains, it does not conform to the general principles of what sharding really means. In blockchain sharding, while blocks may get created in parallel, it still gets appended to the end of a single chain.
Through “speed of light” finalization we tackled the issue of creating finalization instantly. For the transaction per block issue, we looked to architect the sharding model according to the definition of what sharding really is; True parallel processing of data.
Just like how it is in traditional databases, in Partisia Blockchain, each shard is an independent blockchain. And each shard ,or blockchain, is capable of independently creating, validating and confirming a block. This architecture goes back to the original definition of what a shard is and allows for true parallel processing of blocks. And in the event congestion is detected, the system automatically creates a new shard adding additional capacity dynamically. Through this dynamic scalability architecture, Partisia Blockchain can theoretically scale infinitely, only limited by the number of nodes in the blockchain.
By creating a programming language that allows for developers to use MPC in a generic way, Partisia Blockchain Foundation has made the creation of applications that can harness the power of MPC for different use cases a possibility. Partisia has been at the forefront of providing private MPC solutions since 2008. And by layering this technology on top of an interoperable and scalable blockchain, Partisia Blockchain is paving the way for anyone to create blockchain solutions that can balance privacy and transparency to build trust and ensure integrity.
To learn more about different use cases or partner with us for solutions, please visit partisiablockchain.com, check out our Medium articles, development documentations or email us at build@partisiablockchain.com.
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A groundbreaking solution addressing critical challenges and unlocking new opportunities for Binance Coin (BNB) holders, developers and the wider community is live. Partisia Blockchain’s Hermes Bridge now supports BNB and will contribute to further expansion of the BNB ecosystem.
Partisia Blockchain’s secure and scalable privacy solutions, cutting-edge technology and pioneering research are now available to the BNB ecosystem. The latest bridge is in line with the Partisia Blockchain’s goal of building more bridges and adding value to the wider community.
The BNB token bridge affords seamless asset transfers between the BNB Smart Chain (BSC) and Partisia Blockchain networks. BNB holders can bridge their tokens and use them as gas in the PBC chain, unlocking all the value proposition of Partisia Blockchain into the ecosystem. The bridge also grants access for BNB developers to fill a privacy solution gap missing in the BNB ecosystem.
The highest levels of security for BNB tokens throughout the bridging process are guaranteed due to Partisia Blockchain’s state-of-the-art cryptographic protocols and consensus mechanisms. This token bridge prioritizes the protection and trust of BNB users.
The token bridge opens access to Partisia Blockchain’s privacy solutions powered by the generic multiparty computation (MPC) programming language allowing developers to create customized privacy solutions. Through this bridge, BNB developers can add on top of their existing ecosystem a privacy solution and pay for the transaction in PBC using their native BNB tokens. It also opens avenues for cross-chain solutions, enabling developers to create innovative applications that harness the combined power of BSC and Partisia Blockchain without leaving the BNB ecosystem (read more about MPC as a service solution here).
We are confident that the integration of the BNB token bridge with Partisia Blockchain will drive the growth and adoption of BNB tokens, further solidifying its position as a leading player in the blockchain industry.
Stay tuned for upcoming updates and detailed instructions on how to leverage the BNB token bridge with Partisia Blockchain. Join us as we embark on this exciting journey of interconnectivity and innovation.
About Partisia Blockchain Foundation: Partisia Blockchain Foundation brings unparalleled opportunities by empowering privacy-preserving, interoperable and sustainable innovation for fairness and transparency. It fuels the most secure and efficient networks to solve global problems. Distilled with more than 30 years of rigorous research, Partisia Blockchain future-proofs solutions, solves tomorrow’s challenges by powering fair, secure, distribution of benefits. While preserving privacy and confidentiality, it brings accountable, transparent and decentralized governance. Learn more: www.PartisiaBlockchain.com
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Have you ever taken a trip to an amusement park? Then you are probably familiar with “amusement park dollars”. The park encouraging you to exchange your native currency to “amusement park” dollars because the only thing that is accepted in that amusement park is the currency of the amusement park. And of course, those amusement park dollars are not good anywhere else except in that park.
This is similar to how the public blockchain industry’s tokenomics works. If you want to play in the Solana ecosystem, you have to have the SOL token. Same with Cardano, where you need to pay using ADA. Theta is TFUEL, etc. The entire ecosystem model revolves around their specific currency.
And like amusement parks, every blockchain is in competition with each other. “We’re cheaper. We’re faster. We’re the easiest to develop on.” So on and so on…
In fact this “competition with each other” scenario has been seen throughout history. And it’s quite interesting to see, historically, who has been the winners in these types of competitions. VHS vs Beta in the 70’s, The desktop wars in the 80s, Ethernet vs Token Ring in the 90’s, search engine wars in the 2000’s, and the streaming war that is currently ongoing. And in almost all cases, the winners in these “wars” was the one who was collaborating rather than competing with others.
So the big question is….. Who is going to win the L1 public blockchain wars?
As mentioned above, the current state of the public “blockchain wars” is all about competing with everyone. The combination of every chain saying they are faster and cheaper, with the silo’ed tokenomic model of each chain forcing users to spend only in their currency locks every dApp in their own ecosystem. This is why interoperability has become one of the biggest topics in the industry.
But can we do it differently?
One of Partisia Blockchains core principles is interoperability. This is because our vision is to enable anyone to create solutions that help establish trust and foster collaboration and this means having an architecture that supports interoperability.
So in this regard Partisia Blockchain created a platform from scratch. And following the vision and principles we are adhering to, we created the concept of Bring Your Own Coin (BYOC).
BYOC basically means the users of the chain can pay for using apps developed on PBC using the coin they are most comfortable with. Or in other words, the gas payment on our chain is other liquid coins. This allows for the following possible features.
The Hermes bridge is a double-entry bookkeeping system securing the bridged asset through our MPC multi-sig oracle key. Currently supporting Ethereum, BNB and Polygon USDC, our roadmap includes others like bitcoin, ADA, XTZ and allows for simple integration to all other EVM compatible tokens. This interoperability and gas payment model opens up a variety of interesting use cases, such as the ability for users to interact with any dApp using their own currency of choice.
Our MPC-as-a-Service is also a unique feature of Partisia Blockchain. Our core vision is empowering anyone to be able to utilize our MPC services and to achieve this vision, we designed an architecture that allows anyone to call the blockchain, regardless of where their core app is built. Whether it is a traditional Web2 or a Web3 application that is built on a different chain, both can call Partisia Blockchain and compute using secret inputs without needing to port their entire application stack over to Partisia Blockchain.
By creating a programming language that allows for developers to use MPC in a generic way, and combining it with a unique interoperability and a scalability architecture, Partisia Blockchain Foundation has made the creation of applications that can harness the power of MPC for different use cases a possibility. Partisia has been at the forefront of providing private MPC solutions since 2008. And by layering this technology on top of an interoperable and scalable blockchain, Partisia Blockchain is now paving the way for anyone to create solutions that can balance privacy and transparency to build trust.
To learn more about different use cases or partner with us for solutions, please visit partisiablockchain.com, check out our Medium articles, development documentations or email us at build@partisiablockchain.com.